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Sétif and Guelma massacre
The Sétif massacre refers to widespread disturbances and killings in northern Africa in and around the Algerian market town of Sétif, located to the west of Constantine, in 1945. The French police fired on local demonstrators at a protest on 8 May 1945.〔(''Témoins des massacres du 8 Mai 1945 en Algérie'' )〕 Then, riots in the town itself were followed by attacks on French ''colons'' (settlers) in the surrounding countryside resulting in 103 deaths. Subsequent attacks by French authorities and vigilantes are estimated to have caused much greater numbers of deaths amongst the Muslim population of the region: somewhere between 1,020 and 45,000 people (see below). Both the outbreak and the indiscriminate nature of its repression are believed to have marked a turning point in Franco-Algerian relations.〔.〕
== Outbreak ==
The initial outbreak occurred on the morning of May 8, 1945, the same day Nazi Germany surrendered in World War II. A parade by about 5,000 of the Muslim Algerian population of Sétif to celebrate the victory ended in clashes between the marchers and the local French gendarmerie, when the latter tried to seize banners attacking colonial rule.〔Morgan, 26〕 There is uncertainty over who fired first but both protesters and police were shot and armed men amongst the Muslim marchers then killed Europeans caught in the streets.〔Alistair Horne, ''A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962'' (New York: The Viking Press, 1977), p. 26.〕 A smaller scale protest in the neighboring town of Guelma was dispersed the same evening. Attacks on pieds noirs (French settlers) in the neighboring countryside then resulted in the deaths of 103 Europeans, mostly civilians, plus another hundred wounded.〔 The historian Alistair Horne reports that there were a number of rapes and that many of the corpses were mutilated.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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